Engineering Neurobiological Systems: Addiction
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Neurobiological Bases of Alcohol Addiction.
Alcohol addiction is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder according to both phenotype and etiology. Difference in phenotype characteristics manifests in the manner the addiction arises, history of the alcoholic and history of drinking, comorbid disorders, and the phenomenon of abstinence difficulties. Concerning the etiology of alcoholism, the disease itself is considered to be a consequence of...
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Drug addiction and obesity appear to share several properties. Both can be defined as disorders in which the saliency of a specific type of reward (food or drug) becomes exaggerated relative to, and at the expense of others rewards. Both drugs and food have powerful reinforcing effects, which are in part mediated by abrupt dopamine increases in the brain reward centres. The abrupt dopamine incr...
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Humans have constantly sought to alleviate their existential anxieties, first resorting to substances found in their natural environment, and more recently, with the arrival of modern chemistry, using synthetic substances or medications. The substances used in this way are constantly renewing, warranting health surveillance and particular vigilance towards the addictive risk, given its major me...
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Much progress has been made in the last decade in the understanding the neural substrates of drug addiction, transmitters involved, epigenetic background and their relation to learning and memory but much remains to be elucidated and strong effort is necessary to integrate the rich information at the molecular, cellular systems, and behavioral levels to further clarify the mechanisms and therap...
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Individuals with Internet addiction (IA) show loss of control and recurring maladaptive Internet use. This condition has negative consequences and causes significant psychosocial distress. Here, we review neurobiological changes in four key paradigms in cognitive domain in IA including reward processing, impulsivity, cue reactivity, and decision-making. IA is associated with alterations in pref...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Psychiatric Clinics of North America
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0193-953X
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2018.01.011